...However, the properties of light and its interactions with the vacuum can lead to intriguing effects, such as the bending of light around massive objects (gravitational lensing) and the phenomenon of vacuum polarization, where the presence of light alters the vacuum state.

In my opinion, I think the bending of light is due to the properties of photons interacting with the massive objects, because they’ve properties of mass. I don’t know if this has anything to do with the vacuum of space.